How to scan an IP network with Windows

daniele · Post by **daniele** » 06 Nov 2024, 11:00

1 - With command prompt

FOR /L %i IN (1,1,254) DO ping -n 1 -w 100 192.168.1.%i | find "Risposta da" >> risultati.txt

2 - With Powershell

Code: Select all

1..254 | ForEach-Object {Test-Connection -ComputerName "192.168.1.$_" -Count 1 -Quiet} | Where-Object {$_ -eq $true} | ForEach-Object {"Host attivo: 192.168.1.$_"}

2 - With a Powershell script that also resolves names

Scan the LAN of the active network interface:
.\Scan-NetworkAndResolve.ps1

Scan a different LAN:
.\Scan-NetworkAndResolve.ps1 -networkPrefix "192.168.1"

Scan a custom range:
.\Scan-NetworkAndResolve.ps1 -startRange 10 -endRange 50

Scan and save results to a file:
.\Scan-NetworkAndResolve.ps1 -saveToFile

Code: Select all

param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
    [string]$networkPrefix,
    
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
    [int]$startRange = 1,
    
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
    [int]$endRange = 254,

    [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
    [string]$outputPath = "network_scan_results.csv",

    [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
    [switch]$saveToFile
)

function Get-DefaultNetwork {
    try {
        # Ottieni l'interfaccia con il default gateway
        $defaultAdapter = Get-NetRoute -DestinationPrefix "0.0.0.0/0" | 
            Get-NetAdapter | 
            Where-Object Status -eq "Up" | 
            Select-Object -First 1

        if ($defaultAdapter) {
            # Ottieni la configurazione IP dell'interfaccia
            $ipConfig = Get-NetIPConfiguration -InterfaceIndex $defaultAdapter.ifIndex
            $ipAddress = $ipConfig.IPv4Address.IPAddress
            $subnetMask = $ipConfig.IPv4Address.PrefixLength
            
            if ($ipAddress) {
                # Calcola il network prefix
                $octets = $ipAddress.Split('.')
                $networkPrefix = "$($octets[0]).$($octets[1]).$($octets[2])"
                
                Write-Host "Rilevata rete attiva: $networkPrefix.0/$subnetMask" -ForegroundColor Cyan
                Write-Host "Interfaccia: $($defaultAdapter.Name)" -ForegroundColor Cyan
                Write-Host "Indirizzo IP: $ipAddress" -ForegroundColor Cyan
                return $networkPrefix
            }
        }
        throw "Nessuna interfaccia di rete attiva trovata con default gateway"
    }
    catch {
        Write-Host "Errore nel rilevamento della rete: $($_.Exception.Message)" -ForegroundColor Red
        exit 1
    }
}

try {
    # Se non specificato, rileva automaticamente il network prefix
    if (-not $networkPrefix) {
        $networkPrefix = Get-DefaultNetwork
    }
    
    Write-Host "`nInizio scansione della rete $networkPrefix.[$startRange-$endRange]`n" -ForegroundColor Cyan
    
    # Array per memorizzare i risultati
    $results = @()
    
    # Funzione per fare il ping con timeout ridotto
    function Test-ConnectionQuick {
        param([string]$ip)
        $ping = New-Object System.Net.NetworkInformation.Ping
        try {
            $reply = $ping.Send($ip, 100)  # timeout di 100ms
            return $reply.Status -eq 'Success'
        }
        catch {
            return $false
        }
    }

    # Scansione della rete
    for ($i = $startRange; $i -le $endRange; $i++) {
        $ip = "$networkPrefix.$i"
        Write-Progress -Activity "Scansione rete" -Status "Test IP: $ip" -PercentComplete (($i-$startRange)/($endRange-$startRange)*100)
        
        if (Test-ConnectionQuick -ip $ip) {
            Write-Host "Dispositivo trovato: $ip" -ForegroundColor Green
            
            # Risoluzione DNS
            try {
                $dnsResult = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($ip)
                $hostname = $dnsResult.HostName
                Write-Host "`t$hostname" -ForegroundColor Green
            }
            catch [System.Net.Sockets.SocketException] {
                Write-Host "`tNessun nome DNS associato" -ForegroundColor Yellow
                $hostname = "No DNS"
            }
            catch {
                Write-Host "`tErrore risoluzione DNS: $($_.Exception.Message)" -ForegroundColor Red
                $hostname = "Errore risoluzione"
            }
            
            # Aggiungi al array dei risultati
            $results += [PSCustomObject]@{
                IP = $ip
                Hostname = $hostname
                Status = "Online"
            }
        }
    }

    Write-Host "`nScansione completata. Trovati $($results.Count) dispositivi attivi." -ForegroundColor Cyan
    
    # Mostra risultati in formato tabella
    $results | Format-Table -AutoSize

    # Se richiesto, salva su file
    if ($saveToFile) {
        $results | Export-Csv -Path $outputPath -NoTypeInformation
        Write-Host "`nRisultati salvati in $outputPath" -ForegroundColor Green
    }
}
catch {
    Write-Host "Errore durante l'esecuzione dello script: $($_.Exception.Message)" -ForegroundColor Red
    exit 1
}